Difference between revisions of "Nahum 1:1-3:19"
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:Subpages: [[Nahum 1:1-10 | Verses 1:1-10]], [[Nahum 1:11-15 | Verses 1:11-15]], [[Nahum 2:1-3:17 | Verses 2:1-3:17]], [[Nahum 3:18-19 | Verses 3:18-19]] <br> | :Subpages: [[Nahum 1:1-10 | Verses 1:1-10]], [[Nahum 1:11-15 | Verses 1:11-15]], [[Nahum 2:1-3:17 | Verses 2:1-3:17]], [[Nahum 3:18-19 | Verses 3:18-19]] <br> | ||
[[Nahum 1:1-10 | Next page: Verses 1:1-10]] | [[Nahum 1:1-10 | Next page: Verses 1:1-10]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | This page would ideally always be under construction. You are invited to contribute. | ||
== Historical setting == | == Historical setting == | ||
| − | + | ''This section should remain brief and should explain facts about the historical setting that will help a reader to understand the book. Click the link to the right to edit the historical setting. →'' | |
| − | * | + | * [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bc/scriptures/content/english/bible-maps/images/03990_000_bible-map-9.pdf LDS Bible Map #9] |
| − | Israel spent much of its existence | + | Israel spent much of its existence caught between two great powers, one to the south and another to the north. As these two great powers struggled for supremacy, Israel and its small neighbors struggled just to survive. The great power to the south was always [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt#Third_Intermediate_Period_.281069_.E2.80.93_653_BC.29 Egypt], which benefited from the Nile River's annual floods. During the time that Israel was divided into two kingdoms, the great power to the north was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria Assyria] with its capitol at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninevah Ninevah]. The Assyrians were particularly cruel and were very much feared. |
| − | During the | + | During about the reign of king [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboam_II Jeroboam II] over the Northern Kingdom of Israel (793-753 BC),<ref>[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/14.23,25?lang=eng#22 2 Kgs 14:25]; Steinmann, ''From Abraham to Paul'', 141.</ref> Jonah warned Ninevah to repent in order to avoid destruction. The city did repent and was spared ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jonah/1.1-2?lang=eng Jonah 1:1-2; 3:5-10]). In the latter part of Jeroboam II's reign, during 768-753 BC,<ref>Steinmann, From Abraham to Paul, 151.</ref> [[Amos]] likewise warned the Northern Kingdom to repent in order to avoid destruction ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/amos/7.7-9?lang=eng#6 Amos 7:7-9]). The Northern Kingdom did not repent, and in 723 BC Assyria conquered the Northern Kingdom and scattered its Ten Tribes so that they became lost.<ref>The date of the Assyrian conquest of the Northern Kingdom is often stated to be 721 BC or 722 BC, but the date of 723 BC appears to be more accurate. Steinmann, ''From Abraham to Paul'', 136, 141, 156.</ref> Sixty years later Assyria's reach had grown sufficiently to conquer the great Egyptian city and sometimes capitol at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt Thebes] (now Luxor) in 663 BC.<ref>Patterson, ''Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah'', p. 3; Sweeney, ''The Twelve Prophets'', p. 421.</ref> At some point after the fall of Thebes (scholars disagree as to exactly when),<ref>Patterson, ''Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah'', p. 5-7; Sweeney, ''The Twelve Prophets'', p. 425.</ref> Nahum simply announced that Ninevah would likewise fall. Although Nahum explained the causes of Ninevah's impending destruction, he did not, as Jonah did, expressly call upon the city to repent of those causes. Nahum's prophecy was subsequently fulfilled in 612 BC, fifty years after the fall of Thebes, when the Assyrian capitol Ninevah was conquered by an army of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonians#Neo-Babylonian_Empire_.28Chaldean_Era.29 Babylonians] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medes#Rise_to_power Medes] (Persians).<ref>Patterson, ''Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah'', p. 5; Sweeney, ''The Twelve Prophets'', p. 419, 424.</ref> |
| − | A broader treatment of the history of ancient Israel, including Nahum, is found at [[Old Testament: History]]. | + | A broader treatment of the history of ancient Israel, including Nahum, is found at [[Old Testament: History#Assyrian invasions.2C 793-687 BC |Old Testament: History]]. |
== Summary == | == Summary == | ||
| − | + | ''This section should remain brief and may include an outline of the book. Click the link to the right to add to this summary. →'' | |
The relationship of Nahum to other books of the Old Testament is found at [[Old Testament: Organization]]. | The relationship of Nahum to other books of the Old Testament is found at [[Old Testament: Organization]]. | ||
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:[[Nahum 3:18-19 | A. To the Assyrian king: You are weak (3:18-19)]] | :[[Nahum 3:18-19 | A. To the Assyrian king: You are weak (3:18-19)]] | ||
| − | The first section, which is addressed to both Judah and Assyria jointly (1:2-10), uses second person masculine plural forms of address. The two middle sections, addressed individually to Judah (1:11-15) and then to Assyria (2:1-3:17), each use second person feminine singular forms of address (except in 1:14). The last section, addressed to the Assyrian king (3:18-19), uses second person masculine singular forms of address.<ref>Sweeney, ''The Twelve Prophets'', p. 422, 426.</ref> These shifts in audience help to identify | + | The first section, which is addressed to both Judah and Assyria jointly (1:2-10), uses second person masculine plural forms of address. The two middle sections, addressed individually to Judah (1:11-15) and then to Assyria (2:1-3:17), each use second person feminine singular forms of address (except in 1:14). The last section, addressed to the Assyrian king (3:18-19), uses second person masculine singular forms of address.<ref>Sweeney, ''The Twelve Prophets'', p. 422, 426.</ref> These shifts in audience help to identify breaks between major sections of Nahum. |
The message of Nahum can be understood as: God is powerful and just (1:2-10), he will deliver Judah (1:11-15), and he will punish the Assyrian capitol Ninevah (2:1-3:17) and its king (3:18-19) for their harsh treatment of other nations including Israel. | The message of Nahum can be understood as: God is powerful and just (1:2-10), he will deliver Judah (1:11-15), and he will punish the Assyrian capitol Ninevah (2:1-3:17) and its king (3:18-19) for their harsh treatment of other nations including Israel. | ||
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== Discussion == | == Discussion == | ||
| − | + | ''This section is for more detailed discussions of all or part of a passage. Discussion may include the meaning of a particular word, how a doctrinal point is developed throughout the passage, insights to be developed in the future, and other items. Contributions may range from polished paragraphs down to a single bullet point. The focus, however, should always be on understanding the scriptural text consistent with LDS doctrine. Click the link to the right to add to this discussion. →'' | |
* Nahum ends with a pronouncement of woe upon Assyria. This differs from the usual pattern in which the promise of Israel's deliverance comes last. | * Nahum ends with a pronouncement of woe upon Assyria. This differs from the usual pattern in which the promise of Israel's deliverance comes last. | ||
| Line 46: | Line 48: | ||
== Points to ponder == | == Points to ponder == | ||
| − | + | ''This section is for prompts that suggest ways in which all or part of this passage can influence a person's life. Click the link to the right to add a suggestion. →'' | |
== I have a question == | == I have a question == | ||
| − | + | ''This section is for unanswered questions and is an important part of the continual effort to improve this wiki. Please do not be shy, as even a basic or “stupid” question can identify things that need to be improved on this page. Click the link to the right to add a question. →'' | |
== Relation to other scriptures == | == Relation to other scriptures == | ||
| − | + | ''This section is for notes about the relationship of Nahum to other books and passages of scripture, as well as notes about the transmission of the text from ancient times until our day. Click the link to the right to add to this section. →'' | |
=== Related scriptures === | === Related scriptures === | ||
| − | The relationship of Nahum to other books of the Old Testament is | + | The relationship of Nahum to other books of the Old Testament is discussed at [[Old Testament: Organization]]. Nahum is one of the "Twelve Minor Prophets" '''(NEED TO ADD''' a discussion of all the minor prophets as a group). |
| − | It has been noted that Amos prophesied the destruction of the Northern Kingdom of Israel; Zephaniah, the Southern Kingdom of Judah; Obadiah, Edom; Ezekiel, Egypt; Nahum, Assyria; Jeremiah, Babylon; and Daniel the rise and fall of several world powers including Babylon, Persia, Greece, and Rome, | + | It has been noted that Amos prophesied the destruction of the Northern Kingdom of Israel; Zephaniah, the Southern Kingdom of Judah; Obadiah, Edom; Ezekiel, Egypt; Nahum, Assyria; Jeremiah, Babylon; and Daniel the rise and fall of several world powers including Babylon, Persia, Greece, and Rome, followed b the eventual setting up of the kingdom of God. |
=== Parallel passages === | === Parallel passages === | ||
| Line 83: | Line 85: | ||
== Complete outline and page map == | == Complete outline and page map == | ||
| − | + | ''This section contains an outline for the complete book of Nahum. Items in blue or purple text indicate hyperlinked pages that address specific portions of Nahum. Click the link to the right to edit this outline. →'' | |
[[Nahum]] | [[Nahum]] | ||
| Line 103: | Line 105: | ||
[[Nahum 3:18-19 | '''A. To the Assyrian king: You are weak (3:18-19)''']] | [[Nahum 3:18-19 | '''A. To the Assyrian king: You are weak (3:18-19)''']] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == Notes == | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''Footnotes are not required but are encouraged for factual assertions that average readers cannot easily evaluate for themselves, such as the date of King Solomon’s death or the nuanced definition of a Greek word. In contrast, insights rarely benefit from footnoting, and the focus of this page should always remain on the scriptures themselves rather than what someone has said about them. Links are actively encouraged on all sections of this page, and links to authoritative sources are preferable to footnotes.'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | <references/> | ||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
| − | + | ''This section is for listing links and print resources, including those cited in the notes. A short comment about the particular strengths of a resource can be helpful. Click the link to the right to add a resource. →'' | |
=== Translations === | === Translations === | ||
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=nahum&version=AMP Amplified] • The Amplified Bible, 1987 update | * [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=nahum&version=AMP Amplified] • The Amplified Bible, 1987 update | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
* [http://biblia.com/books/nasb95/Na NASB] • New American Standard Bible, 1995 update | * [http://biblia.com/books/nasb95/Na NASB] • New American Standard Bible, 1995 update | ||
| Line 123: | Line 130: | ||
* [http://biblia.com/books/rsv/Na RSV] • Revised Standard Version | * [http://biblia.com/books/rsv/Na RSV] • Revised Standard Version | ||
| − | === | + | === Cited references === |
| − | * Patterson, Richard D. ''Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah: The Wycliffe Exegetical Commentary''. Chicago: Moody Press, 1991. (ISBN 0737500190) BS1635.3 .P37 1991 | + | * Patterson, Richard D. ''Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah: The Wycliffe Exegetical Commentary''. Chicago: Moody Press, 1991. (ISBN 0737500190) BS1635.3 .P37 1991. |
| − | * | + | * Steinmann. Andrew E. ''From Abraham to Paul: A Biblical Chronology''. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2011. (ISBN 0758627998). BS637.3 .S74 2011. |
| − | * | + | * Sweeney, Marvin A. ''The Twelve Prophets: Berit Olam Studies in Hebrew Narrative and Poetry, Vol. 2''. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 2000. (ISBN 0814650910) BS1560 .S94 2000. |
| − | === | + | * Wayment, Thomas A., ed. ''The Complete Joseph Smith Translation of the Old Testament'', p. 218-19. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 2009. (ISBN 1606411314) BX8630 .A2 2009. |
| + | |||
| + | === Other resources === | ||
* | * | ||
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Revision as of 00:16, 2 November 2012
- Subpages: Verses 1:1-10, Verses 1:11-15, Verses 2:1-3:17, Verses 3:18-19
This page would ideally always be under construction. You are invited to contribute.
Contents
Historical setting
This section should remain brief and should explain facts about the historical setting that will help a reader to understand the book. Click the link to the right to edit the historical setting. →
Israel spent much of its existence caught between two great powers, one to the south and another to the north. As these two great powers struggled for supremacy, Israel and its small neighbors struggled just to survive. The great power to the south was always Egypt, which benefited from the Nile River's annual floods. During the time that Israel was divided into two kingdoms, the great power to the north was Assyria with its capitol at Ninevah. The Assyrians were particularly cruel and were very much feared.
During about the reign of king Jeroboam II over the Northern Kingdom of Israel (793-753 BC),[1] Jonah warned Ninevah to repent in order to avoid destruction. The city did repent and was spared (Jonah 1:1-2; 3:5-10). In the latter part of Jeroboam II's reign, during 768-753 BC,[2] Amos likewise warned the Northern Kingdom to repent in order to avoid destruction (Amos 7:7-9). The Northern Kingdom did not repent, and in 723 BC Assyria conquered the Northern Kingdom and scattered its Ten Tribes so that they became lost.[3] Sixty years later Assyria's reach had grown sufficiently to conquer the great Egyptian city and sometimes capitol at Thebes (now Luxor) in 663 BC.[4] At some point after the fall of Thebes (scholars disagree as to exactly when),[5] Nahum simply announced that Ninevah would likewise fall. Although Nahum explained the causes of Ninevah's impending destruction, he did not, as Jonah did, expressly call upon the city to repent of those causes. Nahum's prophecy was subsequently fulfilled in 612 BC, fifty years after the fall of Thebes, when the Assyrian capitol Ninevah was conquered by an army of Babylonians and Medes (Persians).[6]
A broader treatment of the history of ancient Israel, including Nahum, is found at Old Testament: History.
Summary
This section should remain brief and may include an outline of the book. Click the link to the right to add to this summary. →
The relationship of Nahum to other books of the Old Testament is found at Old Testament: Organization.
Nahum can be outlined as follows:
The first section, which is addressed to both Judah and Assyria jointly (1:2-10), uses second person masculine plural forms of address. The two middle sections, addressed individually to Judah (1:11-15) and then to Assyria (2:1-3:17), each use second person feminine singular forms of address (except in 1:14). The last section, addressed to the Assyrian king (3:18-19), uses second person masculine singular forms of address.[7] These shifts in audience help to identify breaks between major sections of Nahum.
The message of Nahum can be understood as: God is powerful and just (1:2-10), he will deliver Judah (1:11-15), and he will punish the Assyrian capitol Ninevah (2:1-3:17) and its king (3:18-19) for their harsh treatment of other nations including Israel.
Each of the major divisions of Nahum is discussed separately on the following subpages: Verses 1:1-10, Verses 1:11-15, Verses 2:1-3:17, Verses 3:18-19
Discussion
This section is for more detailed discussions of all or part of a passage. Discussion may include the meaning of a particular word, how a doctrinal point is developed throughout the passage, insights to be developed in the future, and other items. Contributions may range from polished paragraphs down to a single bullet point. The focus, however, should always be on understanding the scriptural text consistent with LDS doctrine. Click the link to the right to add to this discussion. →
- Nahum ends with a pronouncement of woe upon Assyria. This differs from the usual pattern in which the promise of Israel's deliverance comes last.
Points to ponder
This section is for prompts that suggest ways in which all or part of this passage can influence a person's life. Click the link to the right to add a suggestion. →
I have a question
This section is for unanswered questions and is an important part of the continual effort to improve this wiki. Please do not be shy, as even a basic or “stupid” question can identify things that need to be improved on this page. Click the link to the right to add a question. →
Relation to other scriptures
This section is for notes about the relationship of Nahum to other books and passages of scripture, as well as notes about the transmission of the text from ancient times until our day. Click the link to the right to add to this section. →
Related scriptures
The relationship of Nahum to other books of the Old Testament is discussed at Old Testament: Organization. Nahum is one of the "Twelve Minor Prophets" (NEED TO ADD a discussion of all the minor prophets as a group).
It has been noted that Amos prophesied the destruction of the Northern Kingdom of Israel; Zephaniah, the Southern Kingdom of Judah; Obadiah, Edom; Ezekiel, Egypt; Nahum, Assyria; Jeremiah, Babylon; and Daniel the rise and fall of several world powers including Babylon, Persia, Greece, and Rome, followed b the eventual setting up of the kingdom of God.
Parallel passages
- Nahum 1:3 • Exodus 34:6-7 (clear reference)
- Nahum 1:15 • Romans 10:15 (allusion)
- Nahum 3:4 • Revelation 18:3 (allusion)
Text transmission
The consonantal Masoretic Text (MT) of Nahum is well preserved, as attested by the Dead Sea Scrolls, with possible corruptions of the Masoretic Text only at 1:4b and 3:18. The canonicity of Nahum is well attested, and there is no significant scholarly debate on this point.[8]
Joseph Smith Translation
The Joseph Smith Translation made no changes to the book of Nahum.[9]
Complete outline and page map
This section contains an outline for the complete book of Nahum. Items in blue or purple text indicate hyperlinked pages that address specific portions of Nahum. Click the link to the right to edit this outline. →
A. To Judah and Assyria: God is mighty (1:2-10)
- B. To Judah: God will deliver you from Assyria (1:11-15)
- a. Judah has imagined wicked counsel about the Lord (11)
- b. Lord says to Judah: no more afflicted, oppressors cut down (12-13)
- b. Lord says to the Assyrian king: you shall be cut off (14)
- a. Judah should celebrate, wickedness shall not return (15)
- a. Judah has imagined wicked counsel about the Lord (11)
- B. To Assyria: Suffer as you have oppressed others (2:1-3:17)
- a. Description of Ninevah's fall (2:1-13)
- b. Behold I am against thee (2:13)
- c. announcement of woe and reasons for Ninevah's fall (3:1-4)
- b. Behold I am against thee (3:5)
- b. Behold I am against thee (2:13)
- a. Ninevah shall be conquered as it once conquered Thebes (3:5-17)
- a. Description of Ninevah's fall (2:1-13)
A. To the Assyrian king: You are weak (3:18-19)
Notes
Footnotes are not required but are encouraged for factual assertions that average readers cannot easily evaluate for themselves, such as the date of King Solomon’s death or the nuanced definition of a Greek word. In contrast, insights rarely benefit from footnoting, and the focus of this page should always remain on the scriptures themselves rather than what someone has said about them. Links are actively encouraged on all sections of this page, and links to authoritative sources are preferable to footnotes.
- ↑ 2 Kgs 14:25; Steinmann, From Abraham to Paul, 141.
- ↑ Steinmann, From Abraham to Paul, 151.
- ↑ The date of the Assyrian conquest of the Northern Kingdom is often stated to be 721 BC or 722 BC, but the date of 723 BC appears to be more accurate. Steinmann, From Abraham to Paul, 136, 141, 156.
- ↑ Patterson, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, p. 3; Sweeney, The Twelve Prophets, p. 421.
- ↑ Patterson, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, p. 5-7; Sweeney, The Twelve Prophets, p. 425.
- ↑ Patterson, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, p. 5; Sweeney, The Twelve Prophets, p. 419, 424.
- ↑ Sweeney, The Twelve Prophets, p. 422, 426.
- ↑ Patterson, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, p. 13-14.
- ↑ Wayment, The Complete Joseph Smith Translation of the Old Testament, p. 218-19.
Resources
This section is for listing links and print resources, including those cited in the notes. A short comment about the particular strengths of a resource can be helpful. Click the link to the right to add a resource. →
Translations
- Amplified • The Amplified Bible, 1987 update
- NASB • New American Standard Bible, 1995 update
- NIV • New International Version
- NRSV • New Revised Standard Version
- RSV • Revised Standard Version
Cited references
- Patterson, Richard D. Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah: The Wycliffe Exegetical Commentary. Chicago: Moody Press, 1991. (ISBN 0737500190) BS1635.3 .P37 1991.
- Steinmann. Andrew E. From Abraham to Paul: A Biblical Chronology. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2011. (ISBN 0758627998). BS637.3 .S74 2011.
- Sweeney, Marvin A. The Twelve Prophets: Berit Olam Studies in Hebrew Narrative and Poetry, Vol. 2. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 2000. (ISBN 0814650910) BS1560 .S94 2000.
- Wayment, Thomas A., ed. The Complete Joseph Smith Translation of the Old Testament, p. 218-19. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 2009. (ISBN 1606411314) BX8630 .A2 2009.
Other resources
